Bayan shekaru da yawa na haɓakawa, samfuran lantarki da ke hana fashewar amfani da nakiyoyi sun sami ci gaba da yawa.Fasahar sarrafa wutar lantarki ta ma'adinan kwal, tsarin sa ido kan samar da tsaro na ma'adinan kwal da sauran kayayyakin sarrafa kansa sun kai wani mataki.An yi amfani da fasaha na Mechatronics da fasahar sarrafa saurin lantarki a ma'adinan kwal.An fara amfani da injunan sufuri na karkashin kasa, injinan hakowa da injinan hakar kwal.Ya kamata a ce bayan shekaru na ci gaba, an samar da cikakken tsarin kera kayayyakin lantarki da ba sa fashewa, wanda ya dace da bukatun ci gaban da ake samu a yanzu na ma'adinan kwal na karkashin kasa don samar da wutar lantarki da rarrabawa, injiniyoyi na karkashin kasa, da sarrafawa da kariya.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, samfuran lantarki masu tabbatar da fashewa don ma'adinai an faɗaɗa su a cikin salo da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kamar haɓakar haɓaka mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin ƙarfin wuta don ma'adinai, na'urorin sarrafa saurin jujjuyawar mitar fashewa don ma'adinai, haɓakar fashewa mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Haɗin wutar lantarki don ma'adanai da sauran sabbin samfuran fasaha.Haka kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a karkashin kasa wajen hakar kwal.Saboda ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali da buƙata, samar da kayayyakin lantarki na ƙasata ya samar da masana'antun masana'antu mafi girma, kuma gasar takwarorinsu ta ƙara yin zafi.Yadda za a guje wa gasar farashi, guje wa samar da maimaituwa kaɗan, da haɓaka masana'antu ta hanyar sabbin fasahohi ya zama tambaya ga kowane masana'anta da ma'aikacin ma'adinai na lantarki.Ina hanyar samun nasarar ci gaban kasuwanci?Ƙirƙirar fasaha kawai ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo don cin nasara a kasuwa ta hanyar haɓaka manyan kayan fasaha, kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai masu daraja.Hakanan, dangane da fa'idodin zamantakewa, ta hanyar sabbin fasahohi da haɓaka injinan hakar ma'adinan kwal, wutar lantarki da sarrafa kansa kawai za mu iya inganta kafa ma'adinan zamani mai aminci da aminci.
Ƙirƙirar fasaha muhimmin tushe ne mai nuni don auna ko kamfani ya ci gaba, ko yana da gasa a kasuwa, da ko zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa a gaban masu fafatawa.Tare da saurin bunkasuwar kasuwannin kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai na kasata, aikace-aikace da bincike da bunkasa fasahar samar da kayayyaki masu alaka da ita hakika za su zama abin da ya fi daukar hankalin kamfanoni a masana'antu.Fahimtar hanyoyin bincike da ci gaba, kayan aiki, aikace-aikacen fasaha da kuma yanayin ainihin fasahar samar da kayan aikin ma'adinai na cikin gida da na waje yana da mahimmanci ga kamfanoni don haɓaka ƙayyadaddun fasaha na samfur da haɓaka gasa kasuwa.Ko da yake ana ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin samfura irin su masu farawa masu laushi masu tsayi da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, manyan na'urorin haɗaɗɗen ƙarfin lantarki, da na'urorin daidaita saurin jujjuyawar mitar, ci gaban waɗannan samfuran har yanzu yana ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa da yawa.Yawancin ɓangarorin abubuwan da ke hana fashewar kayan lantarki har yanzu sun dogara da fasahar waje.Har yanzu akwai babban tazara tsakanin matakin samar da wadannan muhimman abubuwan da ake bukata da makamantansu na kasashen waje.Ƙirƙirar fasaha gabaɗaya tana tafiya ta matakai uku daga farkon bincike da haɓakawa zuwa girma: lokacin gabatarwa, lokacin girma da lokacin girma.A lokacin gabatarwa, ci gaban fasaha yana da sannu a hankali, kuma sau da yawa yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin a shiga;misali, game da 50% na mu na halin yanzu mataki na mitar jujjuya na'urar sarrafa gudun, game da 50% na ma'adinai-hujja masana'antu kai tsaye sayan kasashen waje motsi samar samar;Kashi 40% na kamfanoni suna amfani da fasahar cikin gida don ɗauka da amfani, kuma kusan kashi 10% na kamfanoni ne kawai ke iya haɓakawa da samarwa da kansu.A lokaci guda, bincike kan aikin EMC na inverter har yanzu yana cikin matakin farko, amma wannan matakin yana ba mu ƙalubale.Yadda za a shawo kan tasirin inverter fitarwa harmonics a kan samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sa idanu kayan aiki na wutar lantarki ya zama manufa na kamfanoni da yawa.Hakanan zai zama mataki na gaba na manufofin ci gaba.Lokacin da fasahar fasaha ta kasance a cikin matakan girma, fasaha na tasowa da sauri, kuma aikin fasaha yana da sauri inganta;misali, halin yanzu mitar jujjuya juzu'in juzu'i, ta yin amfani da halaye na mitar hira akai-akai ikon gudun ka'ida da PLC Karkasa iko, ana ƙara amfani da aikace-aikace na shearer Mature, inganta aiki yadda ya dace da amincin mai shearer, da kuma m maye gurbin. na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa;wani misali kuma shine hydraulic winch, wanda ke haɗa wutar lantarki, mai, da gas.Aiki yana da rikitarwa, baya, hayaniya, kuma aikin kulawa shima babba ne., Bayan yin amfani da fasahar jujjuyawar mitar mai ba da ƙarfi, tsarin samarwa ya canza gaba ɗaya, kuma masu amfani da kamfanonin kwal sun gane shi.Lokacin da sabbin fasahohi suka shiga lokacin balagagge, fasahar tana da kwanciyar hankali, ba za a sami manyan canje-canje ba, kuma ana nuna ci gaban fasaha a cikin ɓangarorin ingantawa.Misali, babban na'ura mai girma da ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yanzu yana kusa da matakin ƙasashen waje da ake da shi.Aikace-aikacen fasaha na lantarki irin su PLC, DSP, da filin bas suna ba da goyon bayan fasaha don aikin barga na haɗin haɗin gwiwa, kuma na'urorin shigar da kebul masu dacewa sun kai ga samar da gida.Tsarin naúrar haɗin haɗin ya kuma sami ci gaba mai yawa.Ta hanyar fahimtar hanyoyin ci gaba guda uku na ƙirƙira fasaha za mu iya daidaita daidaitattun ra'ayoyin ci gaban samfuran mu.
Kamfanoni da yawa kuma sun fahimci wajibcin ƙirƙira fasaha, amma suna fafitikar samun ci gaba.Dangane da matsayin samfur na yanzu, ina burin haɓaka fasahar mu?A haƙiƙa, masu farawa da suka gabata, maɓallan ciyarwa, da akwatunan sarrafa wutar lantarki galibi ana kiyaye su ta hanyar da'irori masu ma'ana, waɗanda ke da lahani na abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi da kuma babban drift.Aikace-aikacen fasaha na monolithic akan mai karewa yana kawo aiki mai dacewa da aiki.Amfanin kwanciyar hankali;aikace-aikacen haɗin gwiwar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na mutum-inji yana sa aikin ya fi sauƙi, kuma aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kuskure yana ba da tushe ga kamfanonin hakar ma'adinan kwal don nazarin matsalolin.Ƙirƙirar fasaha kuma tana mai da hankali kan ci gaba da haɓaka aikin nata samfurin.Misali, GM jerin kwal shearer keɓewa na kamfani yana da rabon kasuwa fiye da 90%, kuma masana'antar iri ɗaya ce ta san aikin da ya dace;Ƙarƙashin ƙarancin wuta na kamfani da mai sarrafa matakin ruwa mai aminci kuma ya sami nasarar masana'antar da kuma sanin masu amfani da kwal.Yawancin shari'o'in kamfanoni masu nasara sun cancanci nazarinmu da tunani.Kamfanoni yakamata su canza makauniyar bin yanayin kuma su nemi cikar samfuran, kawai la'akari da ɗaukar hoto, da yin watsi da haɓaka ayyukan nasu na musamman.Ƙirƙirar fasaha da haƙƙin mallaka na fasaha masu zaman kansu suma su ne garanti don bunƙasa masana'antunmu masu tabbatar da fashe fashe.
Fahimtar yanayin haɓakar samfuran kuma yana kama kasuwa.Da nufin bunƙasa haɓakar samfuran hakar ma'adinai, an gabatar da abubuwa guda uku masu zuwa dangane da na'urorin lantarki masu hana fashewar ma'adinai:
Na farko, ainihin aikin bincike na kayan lantarki
Kasata ta fara amfani da bututun ruwa a farkon shekarun 1980.A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da na'urori masu hana fashewar abubuwa a cikin ma'adinan karkashin kasa.Yin amfani da bututun injin ya taka rawa sosai wajen samar da wutar lantarki mai aminci a ma'adinan kwal.Misali, abubuwan fashewar injin injin lantarki don ma'adanai suna da ƙarfin karyewa na ƙarshe, wanda ya dace da yawan farawa na injunan ƙasa da ƙarancin kulawa;Samfuran da ke tabbatar da fashewar ma'adinan Cikakkun lokacin karyewar nau'in vacuum feed switch yayi ƙanƙanta, kuma tare da kariyar ƙyalli mai sauri, yana inganta amincin fashewar fashewar girgiza da iskar gas.Bukatar injin masu tuntuɓar injin da injin da'ira yana da girma sosai, amma ingancin bututun injin a kasuwa na yanzu bai yi daidai ba.Yawancin hanyoyin samarwa har yanzu sun dogara ne akan farkon shekarun 1980 kuma har yanzu suna da girma idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin waje.gibi.A cikin aikace-aikacen bututun injin, akwai kuma tasirin aikin wuce gona da iri da kuma garantin injin.Ragewar injin yana iya haifar da hatsarori cikin sauƙi a cikin rijiyar, yana shafar samarwa da haɗari.Wasu kamfanoni kuma sun fara sadaukar da kansu ga binciken na'urorin lantarki na injin bututun lantarki, kuma binciken da aka yi kan kariyar fitar da iska ya samu ci gaba wajen kariyar fitar da iska da hanyoyin kariya daga bututun mannewa.Wannan shine gaba
Bayar da garanti don amintaccen aiki na kayan lantarki na ƙasa.Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da fasahar lantarki, yin amfani da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki don maye gurbin bututun motsa jiki don gane farawa da dakatar da sarrafa motar zai zama jagorancin ci gaba.An yi amfani da shi wajen sarrafa cikakken kariya na injin lantarki na kwal, irin su rufewar thyristors ba tare da tuntuɓar ba.Sarrafa, haɓaka rayuwar sabis, aminci da abin dogaro.Aikace-aikacen SCR mai ƙarfi a cikin mai farawa kuma ya canza aikin mai farawa na gargajiya.Yayin da yin amfani da na'urorin lantarki na lantarki yana ba da sabon mahimmanci ga aiki da amincin samfuran lantarki masu tabbatar da fashewa, kuma yana kawo sababbin batutuwa zuwa buƙatun fasaha da aminci na samfuran.
Na biyu, zaɓin binciken ɗigogi na maɓalli mai ƙarancin wuta
Kariyar leka yana daya daga cikin manyan kariya guda uku ga na'urorin lantarki na karkashin kasa a cikin ma'adinan kwal, kuma amincin kariyarsa yana shafar samar da amincin ma'adinan kwal.Ƙa'idar kariya ta ƙyalli na zaɓi na yanzu na ƙaramin mai ba da wutar lantarki yana dogara ne akan yanayin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki mai sifili da sifili-jerin halin yanzu;Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da DC na waje don ci gaba da saka idanu kan rufin hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki.Sakamakon tsawaitawar hanyar sadarwar samar da wutar lantarki da aikace-aikacen igiyoyi masu kariya, da kuma aikace-aikacen na'urorin lantarki kamar na'urori masu sauyawa, cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki ta karkashin kasa tana da rikitarwa.Akwai sifofi da yawa da batattu a cikin zaɓin kariya ta ɗigo da rashin tabbas na iyawar da aka rarraba.Ana gabatar da buƙatun don kariyar zubar ruwa.Yin amfani da fasahar saye na dijital na ci gaba, yadda za a bincika yanayin ƙarfin da aka rarraba a cikin rijiyar, don cimma daidaitaccen zaɓi na ɓarna da yanke reshe mara kyau ba tare da shafar sauran rassan aiki ba, da tabbatar da ingantaccen ingantaccen wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma sabon abu ne. batun da ya kamata a yi nazari cikin gaggawa.
Na uku, haɓaka samfuran inverter AC ma'adinai
Sakamakon ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, aikace-aikacen na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi a cikin ma'adinan karkashin kasa ya bunkasa cikin sauri.Daga cikin su, na'urar daidaita saurin mitar AC mai canzawa tana da fa'idodi na babban inganci, ƙarancin gazawa, da ingantaccen aikin sarrafawa, wanda zai iya haɓaka aikin samarwa sosai.Tare da kulawar masana'antar samar da kwal, na'urar sarrafa saurin jujjuyawar ma'adinan da aka yi amfani da ita galibi ana amfani da ita don sarrafa saurin kusan 100kW, kamar sassan hakar ma'adinan lantarki na lantarki.Gabaɗaya, mataki na gaba yana da na'ura mai canzawa ta musamman don samar da wuta, wanda ba shi da tasiri a kan grid na wutar lantarki.Duk da haka, yayin da fasahar sauya mitar ke ci gaba da girma, tun bayan nasarar yin amfani da na'urori masu satar wutar lantarki a shekarun 1980, kayan aikin hakar ma'adinan kwal irinsu na'urorin iska, da winches, hoist, compressors na iska da sauran na'urorin inji sun fara amfani da fasahar sarrafa saurin mitar. .Ba wai kawai ya canza tsarin samar da al'ada ba, amma har ma ya ƙunshi babban inganci da ceton kuzari.Misali, ana zaɓar babban mai son ma'adinan bisa ga matsakaicin matsakaicin buƙatun aikin samar da ma'adinan.Daga ginin ginin zuwa samarwa har sai an cire ma'adinan, yawan iska da ake buƙata a kowane lokaci ya bambanta, kuma bambancin yana da girma sosai.Yin amfani da gyare-gyare na inji na ƙarar iska yana haifar da asarar wutar lantarki mai yawa.Magoya baya suna adana kuzari ta amfani da fasahar sauya mitar.Wani misali shi ne cewa magoya bayan gida a cikin fuskar ma'adinai an shigar da su a wurare da yawa kuma suna gudu na dogon lokaci, wanda shine babban mai amfani da makamashi.Saboda ci gaba da fadada ma'adinan kwal, yawan iska da ake buƙata na dogon lokaci ya fi na samun iska.Ƙarfin samar da iska na injin, bisa la'akari da halin da ake ciki na irin wannan babban trolley ɗin dawakai, tasirin ceton makamashi na amfani da fasahar sarrafa saurin saurin mitoci shima a bayyane yake.Saboda babban inganci na mai sauya mitar da kyakkyawan aikin ƙa'ida, yana iya aiwatar da birki na lantarki da ƙa'idodin saurin stepless don adana makamashi.Halin da babu makawa a yi amfani da fasahar musanya mitar fiye da yadu a ma'adinan kwal.Amma a halin yanzu, babu haɓakar samfur ko fasahar gwaji da za su iya ci gaba da buƙatun ci gaban samarwa.
Dangane da ƙwarewar aikace-aikacen na'urar sarrafa saurin jujjuyawar mitar ƙasa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da na'urar sarrafa saurin saurin mitar, kuma dole ne a haɗa wutar lantarki, injin mai sauya mitar, da injin samarwa tare da fasahar samarwa azaman tsarin da za a yi nazari, kuma za a dauki matakan da suka dace don daidaitawa na grid na wutar lantarki.Don daidaitawa da haɓaka fasahar jujjuyawar mitar kwal na ma'adanan kwal, bincika aikin babban ƙarfin jujjuya kayan aikin na ma'adinai, bincike na EMC mai sauya mitar da tasirin matakan kawar da igiyar ruwa da sauran batutuwan fasaha, da samar da ci gaba. fasaha don fannin bincike na kimiyya, ƙira da kuma samar da masu sauya mitar ma'adinai.Dandalin gwajin yana nan kusa.
Yadda za a gudanar da ganowar EMC domin a iya amfani da mai sauya mitar ma'adinan a cikin ma'adinan kwal "kore" da kuma rage cutar da samar da ma'adinan kwal ya zama muhimmin batu ga sashen ganowa a mataki na gaba.
kasata ita ce kasa mafi karfin samar da kwal a duniya, kuma kwal ita ce babbar hanyar samar da makamashi a kasata.Manufar ci gaban abubuwan nan uku na sama, haɓaka injinan hakar ma'adinan kwal da samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar sabbin fasahohi na da matukar muhimmanci ga zamanantar da ma'adinan kwal.Domin biyan buƙatun ƙirƙira da haɓaka fasahar kasuwanci, ƙungiyar gwajin mu za ta ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfinta da samar da hanyoyin gwaji da hanyoyin gwaji.Dangane da buƙatun ci gaban fasaha, Cibiyar Kula da Kayayyakin Ma'adinai ta Shanghai ta ci gaba da inganta ƙarfin bincikenta da matakanta.Misali, an hada wani babban tankin gwajin fashewa mai tsayin mita 3.4 a cikin shirin da aka tsara don daidaitawa da duba manyan na'urorin lantarki masu hakar ma'adinai.Bukatar: Za a haɓaka ikon dubawa na masu tayar da fashewar fashewar ma'adinan zuwa matakin 1000kW don saduwa da buƙatun gwaji na manyan ma'auni masu ƙarfin lantarki da manyan inverters.Sashen gwajin mu zai yi amfani da goyon bayan fasahar gwaji na ci gaba a matsayin hanyar ƙarfafa mu'amala da haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni, da kuma ba da tallafin fasaha don ƙirƙira fasaha da sarrafa aminci na samfuran lantarki masu tabbatar da fashewar ma'adinai.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba 14-2021